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In recent years, China's clean energy industry has continued to grow and become an important force in promoting energy transformation and development, and has made outstanding contributions to building a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system. However, at the same time, the contradiction of unbalanced and inadequate development of clean energy has become increasingly prominent, especially the prominent problem of clean energy consumption, which has seriously restricted the healthy and sustainable development of the industry, and has attracted great attention from the country and the public.
Since last year, the central economic work conference and the government work report have made an overall arrangement on the issue of clean energy consumption. Clean energy given to more effective to solve the problem, to establish a long-term mechanism to promote given the national development and reform commission, the national energy administration jointly issued the clean energy given action plan (2018-2020) "(hereinafter referred to as the" action plan "), made the work of clean energy given goal, article puts forward seven classes, a total of 28 specific work, caused the social backlash.
For this, state energy bureau electric power division is concerned responsible comrade accepted a reporter to interview, answered a reporter's question.
Q: what is the significance of the action plan? What is the goal?
Strengthening the clean energy industry is an important measure to promote the energy structure adjustment in China. In recent years, the CPC central committee, the state council and all sectors of society have paid great attention to the issue of clean energy consumption. With the great attention of the state and the joint efforts of the industry, clean energy consumption has achieved some results, and the overall situation is improving. However, the current achievements are not firm, short-term temporary measures more, less long-term mechanism; Local single breed measure is much, whole sex mechanism is little. To further consolidate the achievements, we are in serious study, listen to advice and implementation, on the basis of special research, compiled the "action plan", aims to put forward a more powerful and effective measures to promote clean energy given to the formation of the whole society to promote clean energy given the work force, promote the establishment of clean energy given the long-term mechanism, to promote the development of the clean energy of high quality, to promote China's energy structure adjustment to provide reliable guarantee.
According to the overall work goal of "achieving remarkable results in clean energy absorption in 2018 and basically solving the problem of clean energy absorption in 2020", the action plan scientifically calculates and breaks down the specific targets of wind power, photovoltaic power, hydropower, nuclear power and other energy varieties year by year. Among them, in 2018, the utilization rate of wind power is higher than 88% (strive to reach more than 90%), the utilization rate of photovoltaic power is higher than 95%, and the national water energy utilization rate is more than 95%. Most nuclear power plants realize safety assurance. In 2019, the utilization rate of wind power is higher than 90% (strive to reach about 92%), the utilization rate of photovoltaic power is higher than 95%, the national water energy utilization rate is above 95%, and the nuclear power basically realizes the security absorption; By 2020, the utilization rate of wind power will reach the international advanced level (strive to reach about 95%), the light abandoning rate will be less than 5%, the national water energy utilization rate will be more than 95%, and the safety of nuclear power will be guaranteed. In addition, in view of the fact that the consumption of clean energy in China is concentrated in a few key provinces, the action plan also divides the target into key provinces, and proposes the annual consumption target by province.
Q: what has China done and achieved in promoting clean energy consumption since the beginning of this year?
Since this year, according to the leading comrades of the CPC central committee and the state council on clean energy given the important instructions of requirement, the national development and reform commission, the national energy administration attaches great importance to, efforts to promote clean energy given in orderly planning and development, improve the supporting policies system, implementation of affordable given, improving the capacity of transmission channel, enhance the system adjustment ability, establish a market-oriented mechanism and so on has carried out a lot of work, and achieved positive results.
In 2018, the total installed power generation capacity of the four clean energy sources -- wind, light, water and nuclear -- will reach 749 million kw, with a total generating capacity of 2.08 trillion KWH. The photovoltaic utilization rate reached 97.0% and the light abandoning rate was 3.0%, down 2.8 percentage points year-on-year. Water energy utilization rate above 95.0%; The operation of nuclear power is stable and the utilization rate remains high. Overall, clean energy consumption continues to improve, and has reached the international advanced level (wind power utilization rate of 90%, photovoltaic power utilization rate of 95%).
Q: what are the difficulties and problems in China's clean energy consumption? Why?
The consumption and utilization of clean energy is a systematic problem involving power supply, power grid and power load. At present, China's clean energy consumption is mainly faced with the following difficulties: first, the reverse distribution of resources and demand. Most of the scenic resources are distributed in the "three north" regions, while the hydro-energy resources are mainly concentrated in the southwest region. Second, the rapid development of clean energy does not match the growth rate of electricity consumption in recent years. In recent years, with the active support of national policies, the installed capacity of clean energy, especially wind power and photovoltaic power generation, has maintained a relatively fast growth rate, far exceeding the growth rate of electricity consumption in the whole society. Third, the output of wind power and photovoltaic power generation is affected by natural conditions and has relatively large volatility. After large-scale grid-connection, it brings great challenges to the dispatching operation of power system. At present, China's power system is not fully adapted to such a large scale of volatile new energy access.
Q: what are the main areas of China's clean energy consumption? What are their characteristics?
At present, the problem of clean energy consumption in China has the characteristics of concentrated distribution in regions and time periods. Among them, wind and light abandoning are mainly concentrated in xinjiang, gansu, Inner Mongolia and other regions, and most occur in winter heating period and night load trough period. In 2018, the three provinces that wind power discard of more than 30 billion KWH, accounts for the total abandon the abandoned more than 90% power light, abandon the abandoned light reason mainly is high proportion in new energy and the self-provided power plant of thermal power units and large capacity, load of system pressure, insufficient part of the uhv transmission capacity of channel at the same time, there is new energy to send constrained problem. Abandoned water mainly concentrated in the southwest of sichuan, yunnan, develops in flood season, the main reason for the abandoned water is water and electricity construction scale is larger, need large-scale inter-provincial given out, involved area is wide, market main body coordinate, more difficult, there is a certain network source construction coordination problems, market trading mechanism is not sound at the same time, the market allocation of resources haven't give full play to the decisive role.
Q: what specific measures are proposed in the action plan to address the difficulties and problems faced by clean energy consumption?
To establish long-term effective mechanism of clean energy given, to make sure achieve given, "action plan" from the power development layout optimization, the market reform of regulation, macro policy guidance, grid infrastructure, regulate the electric power system capacity, power consumption patterns change, evaluation and supervision and so on seven aspects, puts forward some specific measures to 28, from clean energy development planning, production schedule and orderly coal clean development further optimize the power distribution, reasonable control of the power development rhythm; Second, accelerate the market-oriented reform of electric power from the aspects of medium and long term electric power trading, cross-provincial and regional clean energy market trading, spot trading, auxiliary service compensation mechanism, etc. Third, strengthen macro policy guidance from renewable energy power quota system, non-water renewable energy price policy, clean energy priority power generation system, renewable energy law revision, etc. Fourthly, the peak-shaving potential of power supply side should be deeply explored from the aspects of flexible transformation of thermal power, verification of minimum output and starting mode of thermal power, peak-shaving potential of self-provided power plant and power prediction of renewable energy, etc., so as to comprehensively improve the regulating capacity of power system. Fifth, the power grid infrastructure should be improved from the perspectives of the power grid's capacity to collect and transmit clean energy, the proportion of renewable energy transmission across provincial and regional channels, the construction of urban and rural power distribution network, the joint dispatching of various energies, and the operation and management of power grid, so as to give full play to the role of power grid resource allocation platform. Sixth, promote the interaction between load and storage in the source network from the perspectives of green consumption mode of clean energy, nearby efficient utilization of renewable energy, energy storage technology development, clean heating in the northern region, and demand-side response, and actively promote the reform of power consumption mode. Seventh, implement the main body of responsibility from the perspectives of the target assessment, information disclosure and submission, supervision and inspection of clean energy consumption, and improve the level of consumption assessment and supervision.
Q: what is the difference between the concept of "utilization rate" proposed in the action plan and the commonly used wind abandon rate and light abandon rate?
For a long time, the development of clean energy in China has been evaluated by the level of "power abandoning", but the "power abandoning" and "power abandoning rate" only focus on the unused part of clean energy power, ignoring the efforts and costs of the whole energy and power system to absorb clean energy, which is easy to cause misunderstanding from all walks of life. From the entire energy system of economy and society as a whole electricity cost point of view, combined with the nature of the power system of the clean energy given there is a range of economic and reasonable utilization, one-sided pursuit of one hundred percent given, will greatly improve the standby system cost, can carry new energy power system scale, instead of restricting the development of new energy, therefore are not one hundred percent completely given the best.
In fact, with the continuous development and growth of China's clean energy industry in recent years, while the proportion of wind power, photovoltaic power and other installed and generated power increases rapidly, the utilization level of clean energy is gradually approaching and partially exceeding the internationally recognized average reasonable level. Therefore, in order to guide the public opinion to pay positive attention to the development and utilization of clean energy and promote the high-quality development of the industry, the action plan highlights the "utilization rate" of clean energy and takes wind power utilization rate, photovoltaic utilization rate and water energy utilization rate as the main evaluation indexes of the development and utilization level of clean energy.
Q: how do you assess clean energy consumption targets? How does the plan of action take into account the fact that power limits exceeding 95 percent of capacity are no longer included in national statistics?
To ensure the effective implementation of various measures, the action plan will strengthen the assessment of clean energy consumption targets, including: scientific calculation of the overall annual target of clean energy consumption and sub-regional target; In provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) with serious water, wind and light abandoning and low utilization rate of nuclear power units, special plans shall be formulated to solve the problem of clean energy absorption in their regions. To organize the provinces (districts and cities) that have the conditions to accept the delivery of clean energy, and define the target of the local consumption; The operating proportion of non-water renewable energy in the combined new energy and coal power transmission channels shall be defined, and the annual assessment shall be carried out.
About the problem of limit electric quantity statistic, involve two respects content. On the one hand, the parts of the media focus on clean energy power brownouts rate and limited power of the "double down", but in power brownouts absolute quantity and the size and utilization of clean energy levels are related, with the development of China's clean energy scale continues to expand, horizontal comparison of the absolute limit electricity significance is abate, increasing power does not necessarily mean that use level, thus unfavorable use limit capacity as evaluation index of absolute value, must consider from the Angle of utilization. On the other hand, the action plan refers to the international advanced level (wind power utilization rate is 90%, photovoltaic power utilization rate is 95%) and proposes that the national average wind power utilization rate, photovoltaic utilization rate and water energy utilization rate in 2020 are about 95%, higher than 95% and higher than 95% respectively, reaching the international advanced level. At the same time, due to the gradual expansion of the scale of clean energy development in China, especially the centralized contigous clean energy development areas, even if the utilization level of clean energy is controlled within a reasonable range, the absolute amount of power generation limit is also large, which is easy to cause hype and misunderstanding. For this reason, we refer to international experience to optimize the statistical coverage of the whole network. For regions and major river basins where the utilization rate of wind power, photovoltaic power and water energy is higher than 95%, their limited power generation is within a reasonable range, which is no longer included in the statistical scope of national power limit.
Q: how do you understand the system's inability to absorb clean energy? How to improve the system's clean energy capacity?
The system's capacity to absorb clean energy is insufficient, mainly reflected in the system's regulatory capacity can not meet the difference between the output of clean energy power generation and the actual load demand. In practice, the output of wind power, photovoltaic power generation and other new energy sources has a large fluctuation, and there is a big difference with the electricity load in the time period distribution. For example, the output of wind power is generally large at night, but the electricity load is small at this time. The output of photovoltaic power generation decreases rapidly in the evening, but at this time, the actual power load is approaching the evening peak. Hydropower output is affected by incoming water, which is larger in flood season but limited in dry season. In addition, considering the economy and safety, nuclear power generally undertakes the system base load and seldom takes part in peak regulation. Under the combined action of the above factors, the actual operation of the system is faced with great difficulties, and the regulation ability becomes the key to determine the consumption level of clean energy.
To improve the clean energy absorption capacity of the system, the key is to tap the peak-load regulation potential and improve the system's regulation capacity. At the same time, China's "three north" district heating units and self-provided power plant units are larger in scale, which can improve the regulating capacity of the system by implementing flexible transformation of thermal power and guiding the self-provided power plant to participate in the system peak regulation. In addition, in the actual dispatching and operation process, the minimum technical output rate and minimum starting mode of thermal power units should be verified to ensure that peak load regulation capacity is fully utilized.
Q: what measures and requirements are put forward in the action plan for the construction and operation of power grids?
In order to give full play to the role of power grid resource allocation platform, the action plan puts forward the following measures and requirements. First, we will improve the ability of the power grid to collect and distribute clean energy. We will accelerate the construction of external transmission channels for hydropower, study and promote the construction of a high proportion of renewable energy channels, and focus on solving the problem of insufficient transmission capacity. Second, increase the proportion of renewable energy transmission in the existing trans-provincial transmission channels. Give full play to the frequency modulation and peak modulation capabilities of coal power units at both ends of the transmission and reception, and make use of the power prediction results of renewable energy to modify the power transmission curve in a rolling manner. By the end of 2020, the proportion of renewable energy power in the main trans-provincial transmission channels will reach above 30% on average. Third, the construction and intelligent upgrading of urban and rural distribution networks should be implemented to enhance the capacity of distributed clean energy in the power grid and guarantee the power consumption of clean heating and other new terminals. In addition, the action plan proposes to study and explore the joint operation of various energy sources, including the study of pilot joint optimal operation of thermal power and renewable energy, the organization of joint operation units for coordinated operation of multiple power sources according to regions, and the encouragement of supporting the construction of pumped-storage power supply for new nuclear power projects.
Q: how does the action plan consider the market adjustment function and strengthening macro policy guidance?
Macro policies are the basis for ensuring the development of clean energy, and the market is the key to forming a long-term mechanism for promoting clean energy consumption, which is relatively more flexible. The action plan combines market and macro policy measures to maximize clean energy consumption. On the one hand, we should accelerate the market-oriented reform of electric power, improve the medium - and long-term trading mechanism of electric power, expand cross-provincial and regional clean energy market transactions, promote the construction of spot electric power market as a whole, and comprehensively promote the construction of auxiliary service compensation (market) mechanism, so as to give full play to the market regulation function. On the other hand, strengthen the macro policy guidance, research and implement the renewable energy power quota system, improve the non-water renewable energy price policy,
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